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Generic Tenofovir ( Disoproxil Fumarate )
Buy Generic Tenofovir (Disoproxil Fumarate) without prescription in Canada
In our Canadian pharmacy, you can buy Tenofovir (Disoproxil Fumarate) without a prescription, with delivery across Canada within 5‑14 days. Discreet and anonymous packaging.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‑1) infection and as monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults. It is an oral prodrug that is converted intracellularly to tenofovir diphosphate, an active metabolite that competes with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5′‑triphosphate and, after incorporation into viral DNA, causes chain termination. This dual action potently suppresses viral replication and reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
Usual adult dose: The recommended dose is 300 mg taken orally once daily, with or without food. For HIV‑1 infection, TDF must be administered in combination with other antiretroviral agents. For chronic hepatitis B, it may be used as monotherapy in adults with compensated liver disease and evidence of active viral replication. In patients with renal impairment, the dosing interval must be extended based on creatinine clearance (CrCl): if CrCl is 30–49 mL/min, give 300 mg every 48 hours; if CrCl is 10–29 mL/min, give 300 mg every 72–96 hours; in haemodialysis patients, give 300 mg every 7 days after a dialysis session.
Dosage form: Oral film‑coated tablet, 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil).
Onset of action: Significant reductions in plasma HIV‑1 RNA or HBV DNA levels are typically observed within the first 2 to 4 weeks of continuous daily therapy. Maximal virologic suppression for HIV‑1 is usually achieved after 12 to 24 weeks of combination therapy; for chronic hepatitis B, full suppression may take 6 to 12 months, depending on baseline viral load and liver histology.
Duration of action: The intracellular half‑life of tenofovir diphosphate is approximately 17 hours, supporting once‑daily dosing. The antiviral effect persists only with consistent daily intake; missed doses can lead to virologic rebound and, in HIV‑1, the emergence of drug resistance.
Alcohol recommendation: Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided during treatment with Tenofovir. Heavy alcohol intake may exacerbate liver inflammation, particularly in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and can increase the risk of lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis. Moderate drinking may be permissible for patients without significant hepatic impairment, but abstinence is advised.
Most common side effects: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and asthenia (weakness). The most clinically significant adverse effects are renal toxicity (including elevated serum creatinine, acute renal failure, and Fanconi syndrome, a disorder of renal proximal tubular function), decreases in bone mineral density (which may lead to osteomalacia and fractures), and, in patients co‑infected with HIV‑1 and HBV, severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis upon discontinuation of tenofovir. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis have been reported rarely but can be fatal.
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General Information about Tenofovir (Disoproxil Fumarate)
- INN (International Nonproprietary Name): Tenofovir disoproxil (as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate).
- Brand names available in Canada: Viread® (Gilead Sciences Canada, Inc.) is the original brand‑name product. Generic versions are widely available and include APO‑Tenofovir (Apotex Inc.), TEVA‑Tenofovir (Teva Canada Limited), Sandoz Tenofovir (Sandoz Canada Inc.), PMS‑Tenofovir (Pharmascience Inc.), and others. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is also a component of several fixed‑dose combinations, including Truvada® (with emtricitabine), Atripla® (with efavirenz and emtricitabine), Complera® (with rilpivirine and emtricitabine), and Stribild® (with elvitegravir, cobicistat, and emtricitabine).
- ATC code: J05AF07 (tenofovir disoproxil; nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors).
- Dosage forms and strengths: Oral film‑coated tablet, 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil). The tablet is almond‑shaped, light blue, and debossed with “GILEAD” and “4331” on one side and “300” on the other.
- Manufacturers in Canada: Gilead Sciences Canada, Inc., Apotex Inc., Teva Canada Limited, Sandoz Canada Inc., Pharmascience Inc., and other generic manufacturers.
- Registration status in Canada: Approved by Health Canada. Viread 300 mg received its Notice of Compliance on March 11, 2002. DIN: 02246728. Multiple generic formulations are currently marketed and available by prescription.
- OTC / Rx classification: Prescription only (Rx). Schedule I drug under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Tenofovir must be prescribed by a licensed Canadian healthcare professional experienced in the management of HIV‑1 infection and/or chronic hepatitis B.
Mechanism of Action and Pharmacology
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is an oral prodrug of tenofovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analogue of adenosine monophosphate. After absorption, TDF is hydrolysed by esterases to tenofovir, which is then phosphorylated by cellular kinases to the active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate. This metabolite competes with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5′‑triphosphate for incorporation into nascent viral DNA by HIV‑1 reverse transcriptase and HBV DNA polymerase. Because tenofovir diphosphate lacks the 3′‑hydroxyl group necessary for chain elongation, its incorporation results in obligate chain termination. This mechanism blocks both the RNA‑dependent and DNA‑dependent DNA polymerase activities of HIV‑1 reverse transcriptase and the DNA polymerase of HBV. Tenofovir diphosphate has a long intracellular half‑life (~17 hours), permitting once‑daily dosing. The drug is poorly absorbed orally unless administered as the disoproxil prodrug, which increases bioavailability to approximately 25% in the fasted state; food slightly increases bioavailability but is not required for the 300 mg dose. Tenofovir is not a substrate for cytochrome P450 enzymes and is eliminated primarily by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. The plasma elimination half‑life of tenofovir is approximately 12 to 18 hours, but the intracellular diphosphate half‑life drives the dosing interval. Renal clearance is reduced in proportion to creatinine clearance; therefore, dose adjustment is essential in moderate‑to‑severe renal impairment. Tenofovir is removed by haemodialysis, and supplementary dosing after dialysis is required.
Indications
- HIV‑1 infection: In combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV‑1 infection in adults and paediatric patients weighing at least 17 kg. TDF is not a complete regimen for HIV‑1; it must be used with at least one other active antiretroviral to which the patient’s virus is susceptible.
- Chronic hepatitis B: For the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with compensated liver disease, evidence of active viral replication (HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL), and either elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis. TDF may be used as monotherapy for HBV in patients without HIV‑1 co‑infection. In patients with HIV‑1/HBV co‑infection, TDF must be used as part of an appropriate combination antiretroviral regimen to avoid the development of HIV‑1 resistance.
- Tenofovir is not a cure for HIV‑1 or HBV, and it does not prevent transmission of these viruses. Patients should continue to practise safe sex and avoid sharing needles or other blood‑contaminated items.
Important Warnings and Precautions
At‑risk groups
- Pregnancy: Tenofovir is considered safe during pregnancy and is a preferred nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor in antiretroviral regimens for pregnant women with HIV‑1, as recommended by Canadian and international guidelines. Pregnancy exposure registry data have not shown an increased risk of major birth defects. In women with chronic hepatitis B, tenofovir may be used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission when indicated. However, it should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Pregnant women should be counselled on the available safety data, and infants born to mothers treated with tenofovir should be monitored for potential adverse effects.
- Breastfeeding: Tenofovir is excreted in human breast milk in low concentrations. In Canada, HIV‑infected women are advised not to breastfeed, irrespective of antiretroviral therapy, because of the risk of postnatal HIV transmission. Women with chronic hepatitis B who are receiving tenofovir and wish to breastfeed should discuss the risks and benefits with their physician. The decision should consider the importance of the medication to the mother, the known benefits of breastfeeding, and the potential for adverse effects in the nursing infant.
- Paediatrics: Safety and efficacy have been established for HIV‑1 treatment in paediatric patients weighing at least 17 kg. The dose is based on weight, using the 300 mg tablet for patients who weigh ≥ 35 kg and can swallow tablets; for those weighing 17 to < 35 kg, a lower‑strength tablet (150 mg, 200 mg, or 250 mg) is used, or the oral powder for solution. For chronic hepatitis B, safety and efficacy have been established in paediatric patients aged 2 years and older; dosing is weight‑based. Use in children younger than 2 years for HBV has not been evaluated.
- Elderly: No specific dose adjustment is required based on age alone. However, elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, and dose adjustment based on creatinine clearance is essential. Renal function should be monitored more frequently in this age group.
- Renal impairment: Tenofovir is primarily excreted renally, and exposure is significantly increased in patients with renal dysfunction. Dose adjustment based on creatinine clearance is mandatory (see Dosage Instructions). Tenofovir can cause renal toxicity, including acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome, a proximal tubular disorder characterized by hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, glycosuria, proteinuria, and metabolic acidosis. Renal function (serum creatinine and estimated creatinine clearance) should be assessed in all patients before initiating therapy and regularly during treatment (every 4 to 12 weeks initially, then every 3 to 6 months once stable). More frequent monitoring is required in patients with pre‑existing renal impairment or in those taking concomitant nephrotoxic medications. Tenofovir should be discontinued in patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function or evidence of Fanconi syndrome.
- Bone effects: Tenofovir has been associated with decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures, particularly in children and adolescents. The mechanism may involve renal phosphate wasting and proximal tubular toxicity. In clinical trials, tenofovir‑treated patients experienced a greater decrease in BMD compared with those receiving other nucleoside analogues. Monitoring of BMD should be considered in patients with a history of pathologic fracture or who are at risk for osteopenia. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake should be ensured.
- Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis: Nucleoside analogues, including tenofovir, have been associated with lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, which can be fatal, particularly in women, obese patients, and those with prolonged exposure. Treatment should be suspended in any patient who develops clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity.
- Exacerbations of hepatitis after discontinuation: Patients with chronic hepatitis B who discontinue tenofovir may experience severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis, characterized by marked elevations in serum ALT and HBV DNA, which can be life‑threatening. Hepatic function should be monitored closely for at least several months after stopping treatment. If appropriate, resumption of anti‑HBV therapy may be warranted.
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): In HIV‑1 infected patients, the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy, including tenofovir, may result in an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (e.g., Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment. Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves’ disease, polymyositis, and Guillain‑Barré syndrome) have also been reported.
- Resistance and cross‑resistance: Tenofovir must not be used as the sole agent for the treatment of HIV‑1 infection in patients co‑infected with HBV, as this may lead to the development of HIV‑1 resistance. In such patients, a fully suppressive antiretroviral regimen must be used. Cross‑resistance among nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors is possible; tenofovir should not be used in patients who have developed resistance to adefovir if the resistance mutation(s) confer cross‑resistance.
- Allergy: Do not take Tenofovir if you have a known hypersensitivity to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or any excipient in the tablet.
Driving and alcohol
Tenofovir may cause dizziness and fatigue, which could impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. Patients should be cautioned until they know how the medication affects them. Alcohol should be limited or avoided. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, alcohol consumption can accelerate liver damage and increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Heavy drinking may also exacerbate the risk of lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis. Abstaining from alcohol is strongly recommended.
Dosage Instructions
- Standard adult dose for HIV‑1 and chronic hepatitis B: 300 mg taken orally once daily, with or without food. For HIV‑1, tenofovir must be combined with other antiretroviral agents. For chronic hepatitis B, it may be used as monotherapy in the absence of HIV‑1 co‑infection.
- Dose adjustment for renal impairment: Tenofovir is contraindicated in patients with a creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min unless they are receiving haemodialysis. The following adjustments are recommended for patients with CrCl < 50 mL/min:
• CrCl 30–49 mL/min: 300 mg every 48 hours.
• CrCl 10–29 mL/min: 300 mg every 72 to 96 hours.
• Haemodialysis patients: 300 mg every 7 days, administered after a dialysis session on dialysis days. No additional dose is needed between dialysis sessions. - Paediatric dosing (HIV‑1, ≥ 17 kg): Weight‑based dosing using a lower‑strength tablet or oral powder is required. The 300 mg tablet is only for patients who weigh at least 35 kg and can swallow tablets. Children weighing 17 to < 35 kg should receive a 150 mg, 200 mg, or 250 mg tablet once daily, according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. For chronic hepatitis B in children aged 2 years and older, dosing is similarly weight‑based.
- Administration: The tablet should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. It may be taken with or without food; taking it with a meal may improve gastrointestinal tolerability. Do not crush, chew, or split the tablet. Adherence to the once‑daily schedule is critical; missing doses can lead to treatment failure, viral resistance, and, in chronic hepatitis B, severe hepatic flares upon discontinuation.
- Missed dose: If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered on the same day. If it is close to the time of the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Side Effects and Contraindications
- Very common side effects (≥ 10%): Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, headache, and asthenia (weakness).
- Common side effects (1–10%): Dizziness, abdominal pain, flatulence, and rash. Laboratory abnormalities include elevations in serum creatinine, hypophosphataemia, and glycosuria (related to proximal tubular dysfunction).
- Serious adverse reactions: Renal toxicity (acute renal failure, Fanconi syndrome, proximal tubulopathy, interstitial nephritis), which may be irreversible; decreases in bone mineral density (osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures, particularly in children); lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis (potentially fatal); severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B after discontinuation; and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Pancreatitis has been reported in some patients, particularly those with a history of pancreatitis or taking didanosine.
- Laboratory abnormalities: Increases in serum creatinine and reductions in estimated creatinine clearance; hypophosphataemia due to renal phosphate wasting; and mild elevations in hepatic transaminases (ALT/AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Regular monitoring of renal function and serum phosphate is essential.
- Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or any excipient in the formulation. Tenofovir must not be administered concurrently with adefovir dipivoxil or with tenofovir alafenamide‑containing products. Didanosine should not be co‑administered with tenofovir because of the risk of didanosine toxicity (pancreatitis, lactic acidosis). Tenofovir is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min) who are not on haemodialysis. Breastfeeding is contraindicated in HIV‑1‑infected women.
Drug Interactions
- Didanosine (ddI) — contraindicated: Co‑administration significantly increases didanosine exposure and the risk of didanosine‑associated toxicity, including pancreatitis and lactic acidosis. Tenofovir should not be used with didanosine.
- Adefovir dipivoxil — avoid concomitant use: Both drugs are eliminated by active tubular secretion, and co‑administration may compete for the same renal transport pathway, potentially increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity. Moreover, the two drugs have similar resistance profiles; using them together provides no additional benefit.
- Atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir — dose adjustment: Tenofovir decreases the plasma concentration of atazanavir; therefore, atazanavir must be boosted with ritonavir (or cobicistat) when used with tenofovir. Tenofovir exposure is increased when co‑administered with lopinavir/ritonavir; patients should be monitored for tenofovir‑associated adverse events.
- Nephrotoxic drugs — monitor closely: Concomitant use of other medications that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, foscarnet, ganciclovir, pentamidine, vancomycin, cidofovir, and high‑dose or multiple non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) may increase the risk of tenofovir‑induced nephrotoxicity. Renal function should be monitored more frequently, and alternative therapies should be considered when possible.
- Other antiretroviral agents: No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions have been observed with emtricitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, efavirenz, nevirapine, rilpivirine, etravirine, dolutegravir, raltegravir, maraviroc, or enfuvirtide. Tenofovir does not inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes.
- Methotrexate — additive nephrotoxicity: Use with caution; both drugs are renally cleared and may have additive nephrotoxic effects.
- Food and alcohol: No significant food interactions. Alcohol should be avoided, particularly in patients with hepatitis B, because of additive hepatic effects.
Practical Advice
- Administration: Take tenofovir once daily at the same time each day. The tablet may be taken with or without food; taking it with a meal can reduce gastrointestinal upset. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew. If you are also taking other antiretrovirals, follow your prescriber’s instructions carefully and never skip doses. For patients with renal impairment, ensure that the adjusted dosing schedule is clearly understood.
- Monitoring: Renal function (serum creatinine and estimated creatinine clearance) and serum phosphate must be measured before starting tenofovir, every 4 to 12 weeks for the first year, and then every 3 to 6 months thereafter. More frequent monitoring is needed in patients with pre‑existing renal disease or those taking nephrotoxic agents. Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) and HBV serology should be monitored regularly in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Bone mineral density should be assessed in patients with risk factors for osteoporosis or in children. Pregnancy testing should be performed in women of childbearing potential before initiating therapy. Patients with HIV‑1/HBV co‑infection should have their HBV DNA monitored closely, especially after discontinuing tenofovir.
- Storage: Store at room temperature (15‑30 °C) in a dry place, protected from moisture and light. Keep the bottle tightly closed. Keep out of the reach and sight of children.
- Lifestyle: Tenofovir does not cure HIV‑1 or HBV infection. Continue to practise safe sex and avoid sharing personal items that may be contaminated with blood. Maintain a healthy diet and exercise, but be aware that tenofovir can reduce bone density; ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. Avoid alcohol, especially if you have liver disease. Inform all healthcare providers—including dentists, surgeons, and pharmacists—that you are taking tenofovir. Carry a list of your medications with you at all times.
- Missed dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
- When to seek medical review: Contact your doctor immediately if you develop signs of renal dysfunction (swelling of the legs or ankles, decreased urine output, foamy urine, or persistent nausea/vomiting), bone pain or fractures, signs of lactic acidosis (persistent nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, rapid breathing, muscle cramps, or severe fatigue), or signs of a severe hepatitis flare (jaundice, dark urine, right upper abdominal pain, malaise). If you have hepatitis B, do not stop tenofovir without consulting your doctor, as severe hepatitis can occur. If you are a woman of childbearing potential and become pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your HIV or liver specialist promptly.
- Disposal: Return unused or expired medication to a pharmacy for safe disposal. Do not flush down the toilet or discard in household waste.
Alternative Medications
- Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF, Vemlidy®): A newer prodrug of tenofovir that achieves higher intracellular concentrations of the active diphosphate with substantially lower plasma tenofovir levels, thereby reducing the risk of renal toxicity and bone mineral density loss. TAF is indicated for HIV‑1 (as part of fixed‑dose combinations) and for chronic hepatitis B (as Vemlidy 25 mg once daily). It is preferred over TDF in patients with or at risk for renal or bone disease.
- Entecavir (Baraclude®): A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for chronic hepatitis B. It has a high barrier to resistance and is an effective alternative to TDF, particularly in patients who cannot tolerate tenofovir or have renal impairment (although dose adjustment is still required).
- Abacavir (Ziagen®): A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretrovirals for HIV‑1. It is not active against HBV. Abacavir requires HLA‑B*5701 screening before use to avoid potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions.
- Lamivudine (3TC, Heptovir®): Another nucleoside analogue active against both HIV‑1 and HBV, but with a lower genetic barrier to resistance than tenofovir. It is often used in combination with tenofovir or other agents. Cross‑resistance between lamivudine and entecavir exists.
- Emtricitabine (Emtriva®): Structurally and functionally similar to lamivudine, with the same indications. It is a component of Truvada (with TDF) and Descovy (with TAF).
- Fixed‑dose combinations for HIV‑1: Many single‑tablet regimens are available that simplify treatment. Examples include Biktarvy® (bictegravir/TAF/emtricitabine), Triumeq® (dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine), and Genvoya® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/TAF/emtricitabine). The choice depends on viral resistance, co‑morbidities, and patient preference.
- Interferon and pegylated interferon: For chronic hepatitis B, interferon‑alfa therapy remains an option in selected patients, particularly those with HBeAg‑positive disease, younger age, and favourable genotypes. It has the advantage of finite duration but is associated with significant side effects.
Clinical Efficacy
The efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV‑1 infection was established in two large, randomised, double‑blind, active‑controlled Phase III trials (GS‑99‑903 and GS‑01‑934). In Study 903, treatment‑naïve patients were randomised to receive either tenofovir (300 mg once daily) or stavudine, each in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz. At 48 weeks, tenofovir was non‑inferior to stavudine in achieving HIV‑1 RNA < 400 copies/mL (80% vs. 84%) and was associated with significantly fewer lipodystrophy and mitochondrial toxicity events. In Study 934, the combination of tenofovir/emtricitabine demonstrated superior virologic efficacy to zidovudine/lamivudine when each was combined with efavirenz, with 80% versus 70% of patients achieving < 400 copies/mL at 48 weeks and more favourable CD4 cell responses. Long‑term follow‑up and real‑world cohort studies have confirmed durable viral suppression with a low rate of resistance development when tenofovir is used as part of effective combination therapy.
For chronic hepatitis B, two pivotal Phase III trials (GS‑US‑174‑0102 and GS‑US‑174‑0103) enrolled HBeAg‑negative and HBeAg‑positive patients, respectively. Patients were randomised to receive tenofovir 300 mg once daily or adefovir 10 mg once daily for 48 weeks. In HBeAg‑negative patients, 93% treated with tenofovir achieved HBV DNA < 400 copies/mL compared with 63% on adefovir; histological improvement was seen in 72% versus 69%. In HBeAg‑positive patients, 74% on tenofovir achieved HBV DNA < 400 copies/mL compared with 12% on adefovir; histological improvement occurred in 67% versus 12%. Extended treatment for up to 8 years has shown sustained viral suppression, improvements in liver fibrosis, and reversal of cirrhosis in a significant proportion of patients. Resistance to tenofovir in HBV has been extremely rare, with no confirmed tenofovir‑associated resistance mutations identified through 384 weeks of follow‑up. Canadian and international guidelines recommend tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as a first‑line agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, and it is listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines. However, due to the risks of renal and bone toxicity, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is increasingly preferred when available and not contraindicated.
Important:
Tenofovir (disoproxil fumarate) is a prescription antiretroviral medication that must be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional experienced in the management of HIV‑1 infection and/or chronic hepatitis B. This medication can cause serious kidney damage, including acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome, which may be irreversible. Regular blood tests to monitor kidney function are mandatory throughout treatment. Tenofovir can also reduce bone mineral density and increase the risk of fractures. Do not take tenofovir with adefovir or didanosine. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, severe life‑threatening flares of hepatitis can occur if the medication is stopped; never discontinue tenofovir without consulting your physician. Lactic acidosis and severe liver enlargement with fat have been reported, which can be fatal; seek immediate medical attention if you experience persistent nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, or rapid breathing. This medication does not cure HIV‑1 or HBV and does not prevent transmission to others; you must continue to take precautions. If you become pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor; tenofovir is generally considered safe during pregnancy but requires ongoing monitoring. Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosing schedule; missing doses can lead to treatment failure and the development of drug resistance. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
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